I had already addressed Wouter Grove’s Master thesis on the topic of "Serious Games" in my prior post Online Serious Games Delphi Expert Panel.
Wouter Grove CEO of Gamechangers Pty Ltd, a Serious
Games consultancy based in Cape Town, is especially interested in the
intersection of the trends of ubiquitous gaming, ubiquitous computing and
social networks and has recently written an article for Human Capital Review - Game-Based
Learning: Fad or Future?
In the article, Wouter maps the current gaming
landscape and identifies the characteristics that social gaming develops in its
players.
Here are the highlights:
Playing at work or working at play?
Some distinctive features of multi-player,
on-line games such as team collaboration, problem solving, and group
decision-making have caused a lot of interest from practitioners in business,
government and the military. The engaging and fun nature of games can also have
piqued the interests of academics and practitioners alike.
Gartner identifies a strong trend towards
workplace utilization of games:
“By 2015, more than 50 percent of
organizations that manage innovation processes will gamify those processes,
according to Gartner, Inc. By 2014, a gamified service for consumer goods
marketing and customer retention will become as important as Facebook, eBay or
Amazon, and more than 70 percent of Global 2000 organizations will have at
least one gamified application.”
Kriz and Nöbaueriii stressed that learners
should be stimulated to take on joint responsibility and to be proactive in
shaping their own learning processes. The approach of problem-oriented learning
requires the following:
a) Complex and authentic contexts,
encouragement toward experience-oriented learning;
b) Multiple contexts, variety of perspectives
and methods;
c) Social contexts, team learning, and
teamwork; and
d) Instructional contexts, appropriate support
from the teacher or trainer via debriefing by paying attention to experiences
such as problem-solving strategies, cooperation, conflict, resolution, and so
on.
Because gaming simulation propels these
principles into action, it is an extremely useful learning methodology. Gaming
simulation is an interactive-learning environment that makes it possible to
cope with authentic situations that closely mimic reality.
Even Bill Gates sees game-based learning as
the future of education. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation are funding
game-based learning to the tune of $20 million as one of their key priorities.
One of the most important benefits of games,
and especially simulation games, is the manner in which productive failure and
creative adaptability is encouraged. Fear of punishment, either formally or
socially, is typically low in social games, encouraging experimentation and
creative workarounds to reach mutual goals.
Game designer, Jane McGonigal refers to this
pro-social emotion being encouraged and experienced by gamers as “happy
embarrassment”.
In contrast with the almost bleak picture that
executives are often presented with regarding the unleadable, unlearnable,
unruly and “disobedient” nature of Generation X and Y, Jane McGonigal argues
very passionately that gaming has created in this generation a group of “Super
Empowered Hopeful Individuals.”
The emergence and growth of computer gaming
has led her to conclude that social gaming leads to the development of the
following characteristics in its players:
Urgent Optimism-
Incorporation of games specifically designed to align players with real
problems centered in the discipline being studied, provides learners with a
sense of urgency to solve the problems they encounter, and gives them a sense
of optimism, both in terms of solving the immediate problem and any other
problems they may encounter.
Social Engagement -
Games provide the content, structure, and medium for focused social
interactions aimed at solving problems. In the gaming environment, in the classroom,
organization or campus, the injection of game-based problems provides learners
with a reason for learning, interacting, and working together in ways only
rarely seen on the traditional campus by extending learning beyond the
classroom and beyond the campus.
Blissful Productivity - People are happiest when they are working hard toward attainable
goals. Gamification helps students to become blissfully focused on virtual
problems by asking insightful questions and developing solutions to real
issues.
Epic Meaning - Theory
without application has little place in a world that is all about hands-on
experiences, interacting with the world, and creative thinking. Students learn
best by doing and college/organizational learning should be about helping
learners to change the world. The gamification of higher education and business
education bridges those areas by providing students with the skills and
knowledge needed to effect the changes they want to see in the world.
Online Social Gaming as a learning design and
learning technology can prove particularly valuable as leadership and skills
development tool within the Digimodern world. As with any management tool, circumspection in
application is required for utilization of game-based learning. The dynamics of
introducing these tools in the business environment is not without a great
amount of inherent complexity. Leverage points need to be identified so that
change initiatives can be introduced with minimum operational risk, while
simultaneously maximizing outcomes.
Everyone is a player?
The socio-cultural phenomenon of digital
gaming has become pervasive. According to Fast Company it is estimated that 97%
of 12-17 year olds play computer games. What is, however, more interesting, is
the fact that so do almost 70% of the heads of American households.
The age of the average gamer? Not 12 to 17,
but 34. One survey found that 35% of C-level executives are video game players
and 47% of gamers are women.
According to Jane McGonigal, the director of
game research and development at Palo Alto–based Institute for the Future,
globally 350 million people spend a combined 3 billion hours per week playing
computer games.
The computer gaming sub-culture is about forty
years old. This has, however, been a very busy forty years. It is estimated
that gamers have spent the equivalent of 5.7 billion years gaming. McGonigal
puts this in some perspective by pointing out that this is how many years have
elapsed since the first primate began walking upright!
The virality and stickiness of social networks
is fueling this growth. DoubleClick estimates that Facebook receives 33 billion
visits from its user base per month. Those users click on 31 pages per visit
and stay for more than 23 minutes, generating a stunning 1.4 million user‐years per month. According to App Data, the
top five social app/gaming companies on Facebook now reach a combined 430
million monthly active users.
CityVille, a popular Facebook game by Zynga
went from zero users to 100 million users in 41 days!
Games have very clearly become mainstream
entertainment for all ages. Some of the most successful video games even exceed
movie sales.
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3, which launched
in November, 2011, was the most successful product launch in history, grossing
more than $1 billion in its first 16 days of sales. In comparison, the most
successful movie of 2011, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2, only
grossed $381 million.
Many business leaders are asking themselves
how they could leverage this trend. More and more businesses are using
game-based learning very successfully. One of the primary workplace benefits of
gaming is that it can teach players effectively about complex systems through
cause-and-effect realizations.